Sample information

I found this bee crawling on a rock on the side of a stream/creek. When caught with another bee sample, it acted aggressively, likely due to it being a solitary species.

Methods

When extracting the abdomen from the sample, I squished and rolled the soft tissue out of the exoskeleton and smeared it across the inside of a sample tube. The DNA extraction protocol and PCR went well. There were not any issues with my sample when we were performing our protocol, but results may be inaccurate.

When loading our gels, we frequently made minor errors. We removed the micropipette too early at times, meaning that wisps of loading dye would appear in the liquid above the wells. However, none of the wells seemed to be punctured.

Despite this, our control tests failed for some reason and there is a chance that these Gel Electrophoresis results are wrong.

Results

Not only is the wolbachia band weak, but our positive wolbachia control failed and both our positive and negative CO1 gene controls failed. We cannot rule out false positives and thus the confidence in these results are extremely low.